1.4.4 Ruler, Thermometer, Stopwatch, Ammeter and Voltmeter

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Ruler

A metre rule has sensitivity or accuracy accuracy of 1mm.

Precaution to be taken when using ruler

  1. Make sure that the object is in contact with the ruler.
  2. Avoid parallax error.
  3. Avoid zero error and end error.
(The image is licienced under GDFL. The source file can be obtained at wikipedia.org.)

Thermometer

There are 2 types of mercury thermometer
  1. Thermometers of range -10oC - 110oC with accuracy 1oC.
  2. Thermometers of range 0oC - 360oC with accuracy 2oC.
Precaution to be taken when using thermometer
  1. Make sure that the temperature measured does not exceed the measuring range.
  2. When measuring temperature of liquid
  • immerse the bulb fully in the liquid
  • stir the liquid so that the temperature in the liquid is uniform
  • do not stir the liquid vigorously to avoid breaking the thermometer
(The image is licienced under GDFL. The source file can be obtained at wikipedia.org.)

Stopwatch

There are 2 types of stopwatches
  1. analogue stopwatches of sensitivity 0.1s or 0.2s
  2. digital stopwatches of sensitivity 0.01s.
The sensitivity of a stopwatch depends on the reaction time of the user.

Ammeter and Voltmeter

Ammeters are measuring instrument used to measure electric current.
An Ammeter is always connected in series with the load (resistor) in a circuit.

Voltmeters are measuring instrument used to measure potential difference (voltage).
A voltmeter is always connected parallel to the load (resistor) in a circuit.


External Link
Hebrew Uni.: Ammeter
Hebrew Uni.: Voltmeter

Interactive Animation

3 comments

  1. Unknown // April 15, 2009 at 7:24 AM  

    >The sensitivity of a stopwatch depends on the reaction time of the user.
    Timers with external sensors have not such issue.
    http://www.xnotestopwatch.com/help/external_control.htm

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